The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious cup on fourteen different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele found the net early on.
Yet, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to take a shock lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial leveler in the dying seconds to force the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping decisive attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 shootout win.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the last thirteen seasons.